Engineering

Waste water treatment

wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. Most industries produce some wet waste although recent trends in the developed world have been to minimise such production or recycle […]

Dew point control

Hydrocarbon dew point refers to the temperature at any pressure range or the pressure at any temperature range where hydrocarbons begin to condense from the gas mixture. At the same temperature, heavier hydrocarbons’ dew point temperature increases as the pressure is reduced. Hydrocarbon dew point control (HCDPC) can be used for the extraction of NGL […]

Glycol reclaiming

Large glycol reclamation plants that recover mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) used for hydrate inhibition typically apply flash vaporisation under vacuum to remove dissolved and suspended solid contaminants. Heat is transferred to the salty rich glycol feed at the lowest possible temperature by direct contact with hot recycled liquid, followed by distillation to recover clean salt-free reconcentrated […]

Molecular sieve

Molecular sieves are crystalline metal aluminosilicates having a threedimensional interconnecting network of silica and alumina tetrahedra. Natural water of hydration is removed from this network by heating to produce uniform cavities which selectively adsorb molecules of a specific size. A 4 to 8-mesh sieve is normally used in gasphase applications, while the 8 to 12-mesh […]

Teg regeneration

Most natural gas producers use Triethylene glycol (TEG) to remove water from the natural gas stream in order to meet the pipeline quality standards. This process is required to prevent hydrates formation at low temperatures or corrosion problems due to the presence of carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide (regularly found in natural gas). Dehydration, or […]

Meg regeneration

Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) is used regularly in the oil and gas industry to prevent the formation of hydrates and resulting blockages in pipelines and equipment. To reduce costs and the quantity of wasted MEG, MEG is often regenerated. Hydrate formation becomes more frequent at low temperatures and high pressures, making subsea pipelines particularly vulnerable to […]

Oil & gas dehydration

crystalline substances formed by associated molecules of hydrogen and water and having a crystalline structure. Natural gas hydrates look like wet pressed snow turning into ice. Having accumulated in the gas pipeline, they can choke or completely block the pipe and cause damage to the system’s operating conditions. When large gas volumes are transported, dehydration […]

Oil & Gas sweetening

Natural Gas often contain carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other sulfur compounds which may require removal if their concetrations are above the acceptable limit. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are known as acid gases because in the presence of water they form carbonic acid and sulfuric acid, respectively. When H2S and other sulfur […]

Oil & Gas separation

An oil/gas separator is a pressure vessel used for separating a well stream into gaseous and liquid components. They are installed either in an onshore processing station or on an offshore platform. Based on the vessel configurations, the oil/gas separators can be divided into horizontal, vertical, or spharical separators. In teams of fluids to be […]

Flue Gas Desulfurization-FGD

About 99% of the sulfur dioxide in air comes from human sources. The main source of sulfur dioxide in the air is industrial activity that processes materials that contain sulfur, e.g. the generation of electricity from coal, oil or gas that contains sulfur. Some mineral ores also contain sulfur, and sulfur dioxide is released when […]

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